Great Gatsby Essay- Social, Critical, Gender Lens

Society as Seen Through the Novel â€Å"The Great Gatsby† by F. Scott Fitzgerald â€Å"Well-lit streets discourage sin, but don't overdo it. †-William Kennedy. The 1920’s were days of carefree living, American dreaming, and wishful thinking. Society differed from just ten years before hand, and society was moving forward with the new changes. However the day to day living of this American dream was nothing but a sin in the making, and the crash resulted with immoral thoughts, harsh gender roles, and the split between the wealthy and poor. The Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald is a novel that goes underneath all the party, carefree living, and brings out the deeper meaning of society at the time. The author provides the reader with a writing piece that exemplifies the greed and ignorance of the upper class people, the power of the male sex over the female, with the exception of love, and the moral thoughts that stuck to people in the 1920’s. F. Scott Fitzg erald’s writing brought out the deeper meaning of the difference between the wealthy and the poor and how ignorant, greedy, and carefree the upper classes really were during the 1920’s.Their actions and behaviour during the parties that Gatsby had thrown were a glimpse of the ignorance, greed, and carefree living. â€Å"I believe that on the first night I went to Gatsby’s house I was one of the few guests who had actually been invited. People were not invited- the [just] went there† (Fitzgerald 41). Nick comes out saying that he feels as if he were the only one who was actually invited to the party, unlike the other hundreds of people. Being the most honest person within the novel, the reader realizes how greedy and ignorant the people of the 1920’s may be.These people come to the party to have a good time for themselves and not to have a good time with the person throwing it either. Their carefree attitude is revealed when they break the stuff wit hin the house at the party and make themselves at home as if they know the owner of the house on a personal basis. With no care in the world for Gatsby’s possessions, the party goers reveal a side of them that was seen as sociably acceptable amongst the upper class.A second example of greed, ignorance, and carefree within the upper class in the novel comes behind the character of Tom. Tom’s attitude, personality, and the vibe around him help illustrate this greedy, ignorant, and carefree behaviour. With all the money in the world he had inherited at such a young age, it is clear Tom has no worry in the world of what people may think of him or what he does. His carefree behaviour is seen with his behaviour to his wife and his unfaithful action, his ignorance towards others with his words, and the way he thinks of himself. We were in the same senior society, and while we were never intimate I always had the impression that he approved of me and wanted me to like him with some harsh, defiant wistfulness of his own† (Fitzgerald 7). For Nick to even feel as if he had to be approved of liking Tom, shows the type of person Tom truly is. His ignorance in his thought and attitude makes him believe he has the social power due to his money to think he can approve if you may be friends and like him.It shows that Tom only really likes Nick because of the fact that he is lower in class then him and does not have any threat to Tom’s overall power in wealth. These two examples help support Fitzgerald’s message of the greed, ignorance, and carefree behaviour that existed amongst the rich who had money, or thought they had money, in society during the decade of the twenties. Gender played a substantial role in the power in the 1920’s, and Fitzgerald showed this through his writing; how the male role had an upper hand on the woman, with the exception of Gatsby’s love for Daisy.Throughout the novel it is clear that the male gender a lmost always has the power over the female role. The male characters in the novel, such as Tom for instance, show the reader how this power can be used and what a danger it can place on the female role. â€Å"Making a short deft movement, Tom Buchanan broke her nose with his open hand. Then there were bloody towels upon the bathroom floor, and women’s voices scolding†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Fitzgerald 37). The power of the male sex is clearly shown to the reader with Tom’s abusive actions.Due to an argument that got out of hand between Tom and his mistress Myrtle Wilson at a party in their apartment in New York City, Tom open handily hit Myrtle across the face, breaking her nose. These abusive actions seemed to be normal to the people at the party, and although they were not overly happy with Tom’s action, the male power is easily accepted amongst the group of people. It was acceptable in the time of the 1920’s to lay your hand on your woman once in a while to ke ep them in line, and if push game to shove, the reason for the abuse was never blamed on the male in the situation, however on the emale. Fitzgerald includes this power of the male gender not only because he is a male, but to show the reader that the male did truly have the upper hand in society at the time, and that the woman was placed underneath the male at every occasion. One male power was however seen to the reader as placed under the woman. In the case of Gatsby, his love for Daisy had placed his power beneath hers, as the love that he constantly wanted from her and that was never truly given, had him on rope. His actions revolved around Daisy’s love and he adored her every move.All his power and fame due to his riches was for no one other than his past lover, Daisy. She truly held all his power, as anything that he believed needed to be done to impress he was done. An example of Daisy’s power in Gatsby is shown when Gatsby admits the reason he bought the house in the location it is at. â€Å"Gatsby bought that house so that Daisy would be just across the bay† (Fitzgerald 78). Gatsby always wanted to have Daisy close by, in a way where in one swift motion he could grasp her and hold her but that never seemed to happen, even with the location of his house.Yet again his every move was controlled by the love he had for Daisy and the impression he wanted to lay upon her. Fitzgerald’s use of the character Gatsby helped to convey how love has an effect on a male’s power role, especially if he is the one chasing after that love. Man, in all means, is demonstrated as the power role in the Great Gatsby, however the love that makes a man chase after, is one that leaves the woman with the upper hand on the power, no matter the society that surrounds it.Fitzgerald’s writing did more than just bring out the social, and gender roles that impacted the society at the time. His writing brought out the immoral actions that people at the time saw as a floozy and acceptable: unfaithfulness and materialistic happiness. At any given time or day, being unfaithful is truly unacceptable in today’s society. In spite of this, Fitzgerald shows the reader that during the 1920’s, being unfaithful and cheating on spouses was perfectly acceptable and in many cases was known publicly.The author uses the character Tom as only one case of a character that has affairs with his wife Daisy, of which he shares a child with. Furthermore, the author exaggerates and proves to the reader that this was not the first time that Tom had an affair with Daisy, however even before their marriage, Tom was up to these duff ways. â€Å"A week after I left Santa Barbara, Tom ran into a wagon on the Ventura road one night and ripped a front wheel off his car. The girl who was with him got into the papers, too, because her arm was broken- she was one of the chambermaids in the Santa Barbara Hotel† (Fitzgerald 77).Through th e course of Tom’s behaviour with other woman, Fitzgerald shows the reader that society accepted flirtatious behaviour, affairs, and broken marriages. At the time, it was not something that was hidden or put to shame by lots of people, but on the other hand was left open and left untalked or cared about. By showing the reader that not only Tom, but Daisy, Myrtle, and even Gatsby, get involved with the life of affairs and cheating, supports the idea of unfaithfulness in society at the time. Materialistic happiness was yet another immoral view that was sought out to be done and wanted by many at the time of the 1920’s.Instead of building and finding happiness within themselves to be generally happy in life, the people within society relied on material goods to bring out their happiness. For instance, Mr Gatsby’s house is described as over excessive and filled with tonnes and tonnes of possessions. Nick and Daisy had walked through â€Å"the Marie Antoinette music rooms and Restoration Salons†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Fitzgerald 91). Gatsby’s house is filled with materialistic goods that he believes will make the difference in winning Daisy over.Daisy couldn’t marry a poor man, which is why it is believed that she went on to marry Tom. Gatsby believed by gaining all these materialistic goods worth a substantial amount of money, he would naturally win over Daisy, so that he may now be truly happy. Nevertheless, Gatsby’s plan fell short and the materialistic happiness he was hoping Daisy would fall for, never quite fell through. This materialistic want factor, shows that society’s happiness at the time was not due to good relationships, moments, and feelings, however was based on material goods, money, and being sociably acceptable.The immoral values and beliefs that were seen as sociably acceptable during the 1920’s in society, such as unfaithfulness and materials being the keys to happiness, show the reader the real va lue of society’s thoughts and wants. The greed and ignorance of the wealthy, the power that came with the male role, and the immoral values that were seen acceptable during the 1920’s show the reader the Fitzgerald’s true view of society in the 1920’s. It is evident that the social, gender, and moral roles, played a great impact on the events that happened in the 1920’s and the behaviour of the people at the time.It also shows that these three roles are influential on all aspects and decades of society and future years to come. Although this carefree lifestyle was seen to be very relaxing and fun to be along in, Fitzgerald teaches a lesson that, every perfect outlook has its flaws. Although things might seem good on one side, the other side of the fence may see the entire negative and loop holes to the actual thing itself. Work Cited Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The great Gatsby. New York, NY: Scribner, 1996. Print.

Morality Play Pattern in Pride and Prejudice

Austen is particularly unusual among virtue ethicists past and present in according amiability so much importance, even though it is so obviously central to most people's lives working, if not living, in close confinement with others with whom one must and should get along. Austen presents these virtues as not merely a necessary accommodation to difficult circumstances, but as superior to the invidious vanity and pride of the rich and titled, which she often mocks.So, in  Pride and Prejudice, Elizabeth Bennet rejects Darcy's haughty condescension out of hand; the happy ending must wait until Darcy comes to see beyond her lowly connections and unaristocratic manners and fully recognise her true (bourgeois) virtue. That is a moral happy ending even more than it is a romantic one. Like any good virtue ethicist, Austen proceeds by giving illustrative examples. This is why her characters are moral rather than psychological constructs.Austen's purpose is not to explore their inner lives, but to expose particular moral pathologies to the attention of the reader. Don't act like this: Don't cut off your relatives without a penny after promising your father you would look after them and justify it with self-serving casuistic rationalisations (as John Dashwood does in  Sense and Sensibility). Don't be like this: Morally incontinent like Mrs Bennet; or struck through with a single huge flaw, like Mr Bennet's selfish wish to live a private life while being the head of a family (Pride and Prejudice).But as well as excoriating such obvious though conventional moral failings of human nature, Austen attends carefully, and with a fine brush, to illustrating the fine detail, and fine-tuning, that true virtue requires. To show us what true amiability should be, she shows us what it isn't quite. Fanny Price, the heroine of  Mansfield Park, is so excessively amiable as to put her own dignity and interests at risk, so self-effacing that her true love almost doesn't notice her ( until events intervene).Mr Bingley's amiability inPride and Prejudice  is pitch perfect, but fails to discriminate between the deserving and undeserving. Emma, meanwhile, is very discriminating, but she is a snob about it: she is rather too conscious of her social status and does not actually respect others as she should (which, of course, gets her into trouble). Then there are the illustrations of what virtuous conduct looks like. Here one sees why the plot is so firmly in the author's hands, not the characters'.Austen is primarily concerned with setting up particular scenes – moral trials – in which we can see how virtuous characters behave in testing circumstances. These moral lessons to the reader are the parts she gave the most exacting attention to; where her words are perfectly chosen and sparkling with intelligence and deep moral insight. These are the parts that she actually cared about; the rest – the rituals of the romantic comedy genre and â€Å"s ocial realism† – is just background.We see Austen's characters navigating the unpleasant attentions and comments of boors, fools and cads with decorum and dignity: â€Å"Indeed, brother, your anxiety for our welfare and prosperity carries you too far,† Elinor chastises John Dashwood, ever so politely in  Sense and Sensibility. In every novel we see Austen's central characters working through moral problems of all kinds, weighing up and considering what propriety requires by talking it through to themselves or trusted friends.We see them learning from their mistakes, as Elizabeth and Darcy both learn from their early mistakes about his character (Pride and Prejudice). We even see them engaging in explicit, almost technical, moral philosophy analysis, such as debating to what extent Frank Churchill should be considered morally responsible for his failure to visit Highbury (Emma), to the evident boredom of the less morally developed characters stuck in the same ro om as them.Austen carries out her mission of moral education with flair and brilliance, while charitably respecting the interests and capacities of her readers (which is why she is so much more readable than most moral theorists who, like Kant, seem often to write as if understanding is the reader's problem). Yet there is one further striking feature that sets Austen's novels apart: her  moral gaze. The omniscient author of her books sees right through people to their moral character and exposes and dissects their follies, flaws and self-deceptions.I cannot read one of her novels without thinking – with a shiver – about what that penetrating moral gaze would reveal if directed at myself. This is virtue ethics at a different level – about moral vision, not just moral content. Austen shows us how to look at ourselves and analyse and identify our own moral character, to meet Socrates's challenge to â€Å"Know thyself. † We have all the information we need to look at ourselves this way, to see ourselves as we really are – we have an author's omniscient access to the details of our own lives – but we generally prefer not to open that box.Indeed, academic moral philosophers since the enlightenment have collaborated with this natural aversion by collectively turning their attention away from uncomfortable self-examination and towards elaborating coherent systems of rules that any agent should follow. Yet reading Austen shows the ultimate ineffectiveness of this strategy. I do not believe that all the sophisticated Kantian and utilitarian theory in the world could shield you for long from Austen's moral gaze.We should read Austen today because she is wise as well as clever, and because she teaches us how to live well not just how to love well. We should read beyond the  delicious rituals  of her romantic comedy plots to her deeper interests and purposes in creating her morally complex characters and setting them on displ ay for us. We should read beyond her undisputed literary genius, and her place in the history of literary innovations and influences, to her unrecognised philosophical genius in elaborating and advancing a moral philosophy for our bourgeois times.

Eco Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Eco Assignment - Essay Example are the amount of funds that commercial banks must hold in reserve against deposits, and third, is by changing the discount rate or interest rate charged to commercial banks.( Shad Satterthwaite) These tools are used to increase or decrease money supply. For example, when the government wants to control inflation, the Federal Reserve can sell government securities to raise money. This money will be used to alter banks’ reserve thereby reducing money circulation. When there is a smaller supply of money, there would be less to spend which would eventually lower the prices of goods. Federal Reserve may also increase interest rates making it more expensive to borrow. In this case, consumers will rather save which in turn will result to lowering of prices. The reverse process can be done to increase money supply. The effect of monetary policy can be described in the following scenario. To the man on the street, monetary policy doesn’t make sense; news about easy or tight money could go unnoticed, for after all, he receives exactly the same take home pay, eat the same food on the table, and can still purchase the same amount of goods on credit. However, let us consider this situation in business places where â€Å"easy† and tight† money could be readily observed. At one time or the other, we see offices busy with extra activities, while in another setting, we see the office like nothing is happening. Upon study, we see that the extra activities are brought about by expansion plans made possible by the easy monetary policy for investments. On the other hand, when money is tight, business activities are almost idle and there are no plans for expansion. Monetary policy is a move to regulate the supply of money that causes upward or downward changes in the amount of funds available to investors and producers. To regulate the supply of money, the Central Bank Federal Reserves must strike a balance between the demands for fund for growth and requirements of

Environmental Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Environmental Law - Essay Example These are all very crucial points that are focused on in the body of this research. There is the utilization of many books and journal articles to bring a scholarly interpretation into the idea of developing nuclear energy. The conclusion that is evidently reached is split 50/50 as there are pro's and con's to a conceptualization such as this. Until the entire known obstacles can be minimized and proper ways for the disposal of left over nuclear waste can be correctly implemented then it is not something that the world considers very ideal and useful. However, the final points this research discovered was that, the many adversities posed by this technology have not prevented a percentage of countries from continuing their studies in turning uranium and other radioactive materials to energy. In fact, it showed some countries are on the verge of fine tuning this very type of energy, but is it in the best interest of the world The idea of nuclear power capabilities has been being experimented with for a number of years now. Nevertheless, even through all of the experimentations that have been done and the nuclear power plants that have been properly constructed there have been adverse elements that have placed numerous negative theories, which have been overshadowing the positive possibility of a flourishment in nuclear energy for many countries spanning out across the globe. There are many countries though that do have a slight use of nuclear energy yet, it is very minute compared to the traditional forms of energy that are produced. Nevertheless, there are countries that continue to dabble in nuclear energy as they state it is the cleanest source of energy there is. Even so, there still leaves the problem of disposing of the remnants of nuclear waste which has been a major concern of this form of energy regardless of whether it is more economical or not. However there are pro's and con's to be found in this type of ideology. In past years there have been countries who have suffered due to misjudgement in control of nuclear energy facilities. For example, going back in history we find that in 1986, within the Russian town of 1Chernobyl there was an incident where a nuclear reactor at a nearby plant exploded. Although the death toll from this was minimal, it was not and is not the only concern medical experts and nuclear specialists were pessimistic about, and possibly to this day are still feeling the repercussions from. Matter of factly, this one small occurrence placed fear in millions of people all around the globe, and many believed that it would put the thought of attempting to develop nuclear energy to rest because the risks were far too great. For awhile it did because the points were made that nuclear technology is extremely dangerous and it only takes one small incorrect twist of a bolt here or there to set the stage for a nuclear explosion. Chernobyl was only one example of what can happen when mistakes are made, whether by accident or not. When working with nuclear materials there is no room for accidents, which is one of the major issues surrounding the concept of adapting to the possibility of nuclear energy. However, at this same time there are those who claim Environmental law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 12 Environmental law - Essay Example The principle of good neighborliness indicates that it is the duty of a state to inform and discuss with other states, when it intends to engage in a programme such as construction of a power plant, which is likely to harm the neighboring states environment. In addition, it advocates for each state to encourage international co-operation by exchange of scientific knowledge and technology (Hunter et al, 1997). The principle of due diligence or due care-the obligation to protect rights of other states, with respect to the environment and natural resources is one of the basic principles of environmental protection and preservation law. Apart from steady monitoring there is an increasing emphasis on the duty of states, to take protective actions to maintain the environment. The principle requires states not to use the lack of full scientific certainty as a basis for postponing procedures to forestall ecological deprivation in situations where there are threats of grave damage (Hunter et al, 1997). Conventionally, natural resources located wholly within national boundaries have been considered to be within the national law, but resources shared by different nations such as rivers or migratory wildlife there is a need for international guidelines. A state has complete sovereignty over resources within its borders, but when resources do not fall entirely within the territorial control of one State, but overlap common political border, the concept governing collective resources is the universal obligation for equitable exploitation of such resources (Hunter et al, 1997). In conclusion, much of international environmental law relates to an obligation to cooperate are more specific duties relating, for example, the exchange of information and the requirement to coordinate international scientific research. Thus, the duty to inform and cooperate promotes a swap of information. Periodic reporting requirements are one of the

Nature vs Nurture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nature vs Nurture - Essay Example Some researchers support the argument that nature is responsible for the makeup of an individual’s behavioral patterns which can be modified through interaction with society. They suggest that human beings are not happy or sad because of their environment but individuals are different from each other because of their genetic makeup granted to them by their parents. Opponents of this approach argue that the behavioral patterns have nothing to do with genes because a human being can be modified into whatever kind of a person the nurturer wants him to grow into. Part 2 My friend’s parents were both doctors and they wanted their daughter to become one too. The girl herself had very much willingness and interest toward becoming a doctor and everybody knew that she had an inborn talent and ability to excel in the field of medicine. However, when she passed her high school, she had not enough marks to get into a medical school. She took admission in a computer science universi ty and made up her mind to study hard and show to the world that she can do it. And unbelievingly, she kept on passing with good grades in a field which was just opposite to her inborn talent and abilities.

PsyInfo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

PsyInfo - Essay Example This entails applying social work ethical principles, applying critical thinking, accepting diversity and difference, advancing human rights and social and economic justice, and engaging in practice that is research-informed among other things. 3. The primary functions of the National Association of social Works include, advancing sound social policies, maintaining professional standards of practice and providing services that protect the members and their status as professional social workers. 4. Clinical social works have master's or doctorate degrees in social work with an emphasis on mental health services and clinical experiences. 5. The history of social work is intimately tied in with helping poor people. It is possible to say it some its formal origins as urban missions came together to help people during the early years of the Industrial Revolution and mass migration during the 19th century. Eventually professionals came together in New York City and in 1889 with Jane Addams and the Hull House in Chicago. Adams also created the settlement house movement that involved providing assistance to the poor. Ida M. Cannon developed and head a multi-disciplinary social work department at a Boston hospital that become influential.

Constipation (Advanced pharmacology) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Constipation (Advanced pharmacology) - Assignment Example It is given in a low dose initially and later increased to the maximum dose for effectiveness. However, in cases where the individual does not respond to Aricept and the dementia worsens, doctors begin prescription with Namenda which has been approved for the treatment of advanced forms of the disease. In some cases both the drugs are also given in combination. Screening of dementia in a primary care setting initially utilizes a rapid screening tool for memory loss such as the Mini-Cog or Family Questionnaire which are easy and can be administered by nurses or a medical assistant. If these initial tools are indicative of memory loss the patient is then subjected to a second cognitive assessment using tools such as Mini Mental State Examination which also take about 10-15 minutes to administer. Based on the scores the person is referred to a dementia specialist. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics properties of the four drugs used in dementia are different. Donepezil selectively inhibits acetylcholinesterase with a half-life of 70 h, Galantamine is also a selective inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase but also has a modulating effect on presynaptic nicotinic receptors and has a half-life of 6-8 h. both these drugs are metabolized by specific cytochrome oxidases in the liver. Rivastigmine is an irreversible inhibitor of both acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase with a short half-life of 1-2 h. It is metabolized by esterases in the liver and intestine. Memantine is a low-affinity antagonist of NMDA class of receptors and has a half-life of 70 h. It is mainly eliminated unchanged via the kidneys. The most common adverse effects of acetylcholinesterase are nausea, vomiting diarrhea, muscle cramps, fatigue, headache, pain, common cold, and urinary incontinence. Rare side effects include bradycardia and sinoartrial and atrioventricular blocks. In case of Memantine, drug hypersensitivity, dizziness, hypertension, constipation and headache are common.

Evaluation of a Foodservice System Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evaluation of a Foodservice System - Case Study Example Casa Brusco opened only a few months ago. The pricing of the menu is medium to high. Portions are plentiful and the General Manager feels that the menu should change with the seasons. Likewise for the dcor although to a lesser extent. The restaurant has a cozy atmosphere with dim lights which enhance the brick pizza oven. The bathrooms are well appointed. I interviewed Diana Bonsignore, the general manager who explained that because the restaurant just opened, there is a tight budget and therefore much of the work falls upon her shoulders. She is clearly exhausted and spends eighteen hours per day in the restaurant. Her salary is $100,000 per year. She is in charge of hiring however feels that the owners are employing their friends as wait staff and these employees are inexperienced. Indeed, during our interview, she continuously had to break our dialogue to answer calls. The restaurant's vendors include soft drink companies and a specific company which deals with alcoholic beverages. Although the price for these items is industry standard, the owners never pay the bills and she finds herself consistently cut off from ordering supplies due to nonpayment. Her chef has no formal training and is obstinate when a customer complains about an order.

Woolf Professions of women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Woolf Professions of women - Essay Example I wanted to know more about the challenges that a modern woman faces at work, and this curiosity and interest has inculcated the motivation in me to research this topic. I am eager to learn about the psychological barriers holding modern women back. We see that women are getting more and more independent and a break from their traditional domestic and familial responsibilities generally as they are integrating into the socioeconomic system. While the physical barriers to freedom have been eradicated to a large extent, most women still cannot use their skills and competencies optimally because of the psychological barriers. (Woolf) has expressed this very clearly in her writing as she said, â€Å"The Angel was dead; what then remained? You may say that what remained was a simple and common object – a young woman in a bedroom with an inkpot. In other words, now that she had rid herself of falsehood, that young woman had only to be herself. Ah, but what is â€Å"herself†?† (Woolf cited in Rainbolt and Fleetwood 302). I want to learn what sort of psychological barriers are encountered by working women in general and how they deal wi th them. I also want to know more about what are the goals of a vast majority of the working women. I want to learn their preferences and priorities. I want to know if personal freedom and autonomy is more important for women in the modern age or they generally want to work and earn money in order to be able to take care of their families better domestically as well as financially. In order to find answers to my queries, I shall first conduct a thorough review of literature. I shall read the novels, autobiographies, and journals of famous women writers, and note down any quotations, passages, and narrations that qualify as answers to my questions in any way. It would take me five to six drafts to finalize my research paper that would be structured in a way that

The Role of the English Essay Example for Free

The Role of the English Essay A status quo in vocational students to learn English Students weak economic foundation, poor foundation. Most of the cultural roots of vocational students, poor attitude towards learning English and some even 26 letters written well, are not allowed to read, even the five fundamental the vowels not know, arbitrarily called the students to ask him voice or syntax, you will find him very bad control. Spelling words to find a few grammar learning is controlled, it is the cream of the crop. Poor student approaches to learning, and generally feel that learning English is very strenuous, some thought that the English words in mind and forgot, some even have never had the joy of learning English, not to mention the experience of victory. Long-term so that they gradually lose interest and confidence in learning English, no longer do the efforts of learning English. Some talk about the English mere mention, I did encounter a boy and told him to recite the English word, even panic was sweating, mouth twitching, stuttering a long time, unable to speak, usually on the way to see me, and the head is always low are afraid even to say hello and I, as well as flagrantly reason to object to learn English: We are Chinese people do not speak English. Incredible on the classroom, these students is how the performance of, or lying on the table, or play phone or speak or see other books, jobs often do not pay, some do not want to do as well as complete English homework. Autonomous learning can be lacking, not enough learning perseverance. English learning to fight from time to time with the forgotten work needs perseverance and hard to pay, and strive to the process of theory and experience. Of vocational students in English learning process and long-term persevered few, the overwhelming majority of studies, lack of perseverance and patience. Even the teachers the moment aroused since their self-confidence, it is difficult to permanently maintain the interest of their learning, or just a temporary heat, a few days discourage you. Due to their lack of scientific approaches to learning and the right attitude, and good study habits and the lack of simply the effort of deep strokes fell great oaks or dripstone wear perseverance, perseverance, therefore, students learning English collapse ignorant. 3 students accumulate enough vocabulary. The word is the foundation of learning English, and did not  accumulate a certain amount of vocabulary, on nurturing English listening, speaking, reading and writing abilities. Independent study to students learning English is poor, lack of perseverance, persistence, there is no systematic scientific approaches to learning, coupled with lack of awareness of the importance of learning English, and thus the accumulation of vocabulary rarely a year to participate in the National English Test, the vast Most students can only apply for the lowest level of a B research reported level of each class only a handful. Often do not understand in the classroom, can not write, can not read, and thus make their weariness mood is even more serious. 4 instructor for students learning English enthusiasm aroused enough. Faculty ignore the location of the student body, simply follow the traditional form of teaching, teaching approaches single the word mechanically commentary repeatedly to instil in students a tedious word grammatical knowledge speak less, do less, students put learning initiative long-term lack of effective sexual exercise, did not participate in the teaching, learning English gradually lose interest; faculty disregard the importance of verbal communication interaction, abundant invention language environment for students to learn English, completed just blindly teaching task time time to catch the number of classroom stiff, boring, boring, is one of the reason students weariness English; the faculty unable hierarchical teaching, not based on the different classes, different extent, different preferences classmate individualized, and therefore one thousand the articles Yigai different levels of students are not dif ferent teaching guide. English movies farewell why How caliber aroused the interest of students learning English, I used to consider this issue. Has gone through a variety of ways, through abundant mobilize the enthusiasm of students learning. Among them, the movie has sparked learning interest is one of the good way. English movies can assist students listening exercise, enhanced word, the understanding of words, sentences, increased vocabulary. Learn English, it is necessary from the heard hands. Since learning English listening and speaking English is no  longer prohibitive lifeless knowledge, and a fun, fresh and agile theory. But learning heard does not equal Acquisition heard of Chinese-American English is good have the Acquisition heard a necessary condition: the English-speaking environment. But we do not have the conditions, could have invented the conditions, for example, to see American movies and situation comedies, understanding to create one kind of foreign English environment forced my ears to to withstand English, o pen their mouths to speak English, will be able to in a relaxed, happy atmosphere Xi was heard. English heard including six local speech, language conditioning outs, words, sentences, ideas and culture. First, with respect to any one speech, the voice is bedrock, it includes not only the pronunciation of the word, and also includes real communication, vocabulary, idioms of tonal loss burst, weakening, cloud, the many accent contractions sound change way. The language conditioning outs, fluent authentic expression English Glazes, not authentic contact with the foreigner, and they have a face-to-face conversation, it is difficult to feel the language conditioning outs in expression of thought grand and powerful vibration force. Speech is the carrier of culture, the wording and sentence is correct or not directly demonstrated the level of understanding of foreign culture from top to bottom. Be able to say, before the arrival of the three arrived with the shape of Americans, if the Society of American thought and culture, to arrive quite similar to the effect of American culture a nd thought. This is a flat-screen English form of education, the film is the best medium. English movies can subtly arouse interest of students learning English. Movie itself illustrated, intuitive, image, easy to bear, plus absorbing human story, like a magnet to absorb the students live. Farewell itself popular with people, especially in vocational students like watching movies. Excellent English movies, to intercept one interesting, fragments of educational materials as a teaching students in the absorption of the story, glad to studying fragments of dialogue presented word vocabulary, statements, grammar, learning English is no longer a cold s out, but under the context of the special story of emotional expression, with the meaning of life. English movies can help students progress in writing proficiency and translation can be made English literature ornamental to. Movie disseminator of culture, whether it is the narrative of the story, the plot  to carry out, as well as changes in the relationship between the characters have a lot of central Chinese thinking is not the same, after verbalize cultural differences, but not just with words dissect thorough, which needs our Western culture, especially some of the characteristics of American culture be understood, parsed and then point by point in the foundation of understanding, and from time to time to summarize, the intention to understand the values ​​of the East and the West is different, and the resulting ideological the difference of the way, a comprehensive understanding of Western history and culture, the words rise to the true sense of the exchange to make English the live together. English movies to promote students perception of life. The excellent English movies can bring students spiritual vibrations, from which to experience life, the taste of life, to promote the growth of the students in mind, the progress of the overall quality. For example: I intercept to return to the 17-year-old four fragments, is good for students education theme. After the first fragment: the movie show Mike return to the age of 17 under mysterious cleaners soul-oriented, with high school classmate Ned posing as father and son, to return to the high school campus, found his daughter Maggie and her boyfriend Stan fared hot, his son, Alex, often harassed. The high school campus Stan world and his love the bully bully who will come to, Alex suffered. Mike Love of Stan attack others, counting on a strong performance to stop outright psychological profiling it not as good as ashamed. Confidence Mike Stan this wonderful psychological autopsy, love to flaunt the students at the school is v ery educational. Second fragment: class men and women classmate of sex filled adventures, gearing up, the school has been unable to prevent their sexual behavior in order to the girls peace, only to grant them peace sets, see rampant students caught Ping sets, which Mike was shocked, including his daughter. His father as a daughter, as a someone who has tried to discourage them. He said if the girls are popular education, numerous peace sets thrown back into the basket. His daughter also was deeply impressed, and thus later her boyfriend with her when the onset of sexual activity, she can insist rejected each other and against them. The third fragment: Jimmy at home to open birthday party, Mike went to Jimmy home, hoping to prevent the appointment of Maggie and Stan. In the  process of looking for Maggie, he was stopped by three girls are fighting to date him, without taking into account the self-esteem in order to reach the purpose of dating him, hinted that he, if he is willing to be able to not have to remember their names. Mike persuasion they should first develop self-esteem, competence be respected by others. This fragment is very educational exchanges with the boys not to pay attention to the girls. The fourth fragment: this period is mainly about Mike and his son win the battle of the basketball team where the team of Stan Stan is very dejected to attack sexual relationship with Maggie, Maggie refused, he said the other discarded. She was curled up in lonely without a long ladder mired in misery discarded by her boyfriend. Mike and her daughter some dialogue about his daughter and is in this situation are the role of education. Indeed, the English film is an effective teaching tool. It promotes feelings of teachers and students, and to improve the relationship between teachers and students, the enthusiasm of the students learning English greatly improved, altered the status of students weariness English. Students in the process of watching English movies, either exercise a hearing in order to accumulate a vocabulary control syntax progress writing can translate to the influence of the emotional, was the ideological education, further promoting the perception of life, taste of life. Abstract: The English word is the foundation of learning English and how to arouse students English learning interest, excellent English movie is an effective teaching tool, how to raise the enthusiasm of students learning English is the focus of discussion in this article. . On, http://www.51lunwen.org/ 2010, (4). [2] Zhaoming Fang On the vocational students in English Learning Situation and teaching countermeasures. Secondary vocational education, 2006, (08). [3] Li Yuelin English movie viewing teaching New Exploration [J]. Sichuan International Studies University, 2003, (02). [4] Yang Ji Tang on the effective application of the movies resource in the teaching of English and redevelopment [J]. Vocational Education Seminar, 2005, (9)

Circuit Switching Versus Packet Switching

Circuit Switching Versus Packet Switching Nurhazimah Binti Mohd Za’ba Nursyafikah Binti Farakkasi   Nursyahirah Binti Mohd Sanusi   Nur Hidayu Binti Salleh Nur Syafiqah Binti Zulkiflee Nurul Ain Binti Mohd Nassir Adabi ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to describe difference between packet switching and circuit switching. Circuit switching is dedicated communication between two stations that connected sequence of links between network nodes. It consist 3 phase communication which are establish, transfer and disconnect. Packet switching is data transmitted in small packets that each packet contains a portion of user data plus some control information. There are a few difference between packet switching and circuit switching include the bandwidth, dedicated path, call setup delay and so on. INTRODUCTION In telecommunication networks they carried the information signals among an entity involved in the process of information transfer which may be in the form of a telephone conversation. In order to connect multiple devices, it must be point to point connection between pair of devices which we called as switches. Unfortunately, it will increase the number of connection. There are two types of switching techniques including circuit switching and packet switching. Switching is a collection of switching elements arranged and controlled to setup communication path between any distant points. Circuit switching is a network which allows the associated voice which it will followed between the two respective users refer in the Figure 1 is the circuit switching network.. The end to end communication was established during the duration of the call. It is a dedicated link or path which established between the sender and the receiver. It is maintained for the entire duration of the conversation. Figure 1: Circuit SwitchingNetwork Packet switching is a network which it does not requires establishing the connection in initially. Next, the connection or channel available usually used by many users. But, if the capacity of the users increases, it will lead to congestion in the network. This network mainly used for data and voice applications requiring non-real time scenarios. It also can handle in two ways which are datagram and virtual circuit refer Figure 2 is the Packet Switching network. Figure 2: Packet Switching Network. LITERATURE REVIEW Data communications have been achieved by using a variety network such as PSTN, leased-lines and more recently ISDN and ATM/ Frame relay. These networks are partly or totally analogue or digital using technology such as circuit-switching, packet-switching etc. Main difference between Packet Switching and Circuit switching is that communication lines are not dedicated to passing massage from the sources to the destination. In Packet Switching, different message (and even different packet) can passed through the routes, and when there is a ‘dead time† in the communication between the source and the destination, the lines can be used by other sources. Oguntala George Adeyinka(2013) said that packet switching is an attempt to make a better utilization of the existing network by splitting the message to be sent to packets. Each packet contains information about the sender, the receiver, the position of the packet in the message as well as part of the actual massage. There are many protocols defining the ways packet can be sent from the sender to the receiver. Then, Pablo Molinero-Fernandez Nick McKeown (2004) said that Circuit Switching can be decomposed into a fast path without per-packet processing, and a slower path for establishing/releasing circuit, which is similar in complexity to forwarding a single packet in Packet Switching. However the slow path needs to be taken much less often (for example, the average TCP connection lasts more than 10 packets, which mean that connection are established at an average rate at least 1/10 that of packet processing in router ). For these, we argue that circuit switches can operate much faster than packet switches. The concept of packet switching had two independent beginnings, with Paul Baran and Donald Davies [4]. Leonard Kleinrock [5] conducted early research and authored a book in 1961 in the related field of digital massage switching (without explicity using the concept of the packet), and also later a played a leading roles in building and management of the world’s first packet switched network, namely the ARPANET. After that, K.Giridhar stated Packet switching is also called connectionless networking because no connections are established. The advantage of the connectionless packet model in that packets are forwarded independent of other packets. Packets are forwarded on the fly by routers based on the most current best path to a destination. If a link or routers fails, packets are quickly diverted along another path. Dr.FaridFarahmandDR.Qiong (Jo) Zhang stated the most common example of a circuit-switched network can be found in public telephone network (PTN) supporting services such as POTS (plain old telephone system) and long distances calls. Other examples of a circuit switched services are integrated service digital network (ISDN) and switched 56, 64, 384 (Kbps) services. The majority of wireless application protocols (WAP) enables phone also operate on top of circuit-switched networks. Furthermore, many public networks dedicated to data transport also use circuit-switching techniques; an example of a network in Europe is circuit-switched public data network (CSPDN), which transport data on circuit-switching networks using the X.21 protocol. Circuit-switching also has wide applications in optical networks including wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) systems and WDM SONET networks. METHODOLOGY Topic for our assignment is packet switching. We make a research to get the information about this topic in library and also internet. There’s a lot information we get from internet that give information about definition, benefit and function. The definition of packet switching give us simple introduction to us to understand the concept of packet switching. After we understand the concept, we find out the article or journal from internet that can give us a more information about packet switching. The article must be from year 2012 to make sure that information are relevant with our topic and current study. This article can be found from OPAC system that can used in library website. Every article has their own writer and bibliographic databases that make us easier to find the reference if there’s a question refer to packet switching if we are not understand to topic. In internet, we find extra information by inserting the term of packet switching in key words in Google t o get more explanation about function of packet switching. The bibliographies are used for us for further study and this way give us more information packet switching. The journal is created by other university and this journal help us to understand the topic. The history about packet switching also found in internet and the technology in packet switching also change and it make data can be transfer in good ways even though the data is large. Based from the information get from internet will make us more understand about the topic and help us to success give simple explanation about the topic of packet switching in report. After make research in internet, we go to library to find information regarding our topic which is packet switching. There’s some book that have some explanation about the benefit of packet switching. We also know about the main concept of packet switching from the book in library. The main concepts give more information about how the packet switching work in real situation. After that, we know the weakness and benefit of packet switching in transfer data in computer or cellphone. Even this packet switching have a disadvantage when transferring the data and it still can function more efficient after they develop a new technology this make sure the data can send to location. We also can refer from our senior journal in library after they done their final year project which related with topic packet switching. This information can help us to know the function packet switching with a technology that still use the concept during transferring data in destination address in packet. We also make a small interview with a friend who already work in IT department but the information that we get from him are not related to our topic. So, we are not use that information to be write in this report. Lastly, we combine all the information about packet switching that we found from internet, journal and book to be write in this report. Before we write this report, we already discuss and make some explanations in this report to make sure this report are occupy our objective to understand the topic of packet switching. We try to help each other understand the topic based from information we get from internet , journal , article and book. Everyone have knowledge and information after done this project that can be used in career life. We take about more than one month to finish this research and this report can be use as reference for our junior if they want to continue this research in their present time in future. CONCLUSION At the end of this article, we present the two switching techniques used in networks: circuit switching and packet switching; whereas datagram packet switching and virtual circuit packet switching. Then, we also are able to compare a difference between circuit switching and packet switching. REFERENCES [1] Oguntala George Adeyinka, â€Å"Network Solution, Applications and challenges of Mobile Computing In Africa,† International Journal of Scientific Engineering Research, volume 4, issues 10, pp. 884-889, October 2013. [3] Pablo Molinero-Fernandez Nick McKeown, The Performances of Circuit Switching in the Internet, Computer System Laboratory, Stanford University (2004). [4] Roberts L.G (1978). The Evolution of Packet Switching, Proceedings of the IEEE, vol.66, no11, pp.1307-1313. 1978. [5] Kleinrock L. (1961), Information Flow in Large Communication Nets, RLE Quarterly Progress Report, July 1961. [6] K.Giridhar, â€Å"Packet Switched Data Network and Its Evolution†, Information Technology and Communications Resources for development, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (Tenet) Group, Department Of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute Of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India (2007). [7] Dr.Farid Farahmand DR.Qiong (Jo) Zhang, Circuit Switching, Central Connecticut State University Arizona State University at West Campus (2007). [8]  http://www.slideshare.net/sdsnehaldalvi/circuit-switching-packet-switching [9] Telecommunication System Engineering, Technical University of Malaysia Malacca, chapter 5.

Politics and George Orwell Essays -- George Orwell Politics Political

Politics and George Orwell Works Cited Missing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Books are a medium through which the author can express his views; whether they concern social injustices, current issues, or in Orwell’s case, politics. For centuries writers have weaved their opinions into their work, conveying to the reader exactly what they intended. â€Å"Orwell saw himself as a violent unmasker of published pretentiousness, hypocrisy and self-deceit, telling people what they did not want to hear†¦.† (Crick, 244). Orwell accomplishes this unmasking of these facades through his use of rhetorical strategies to relay his views to the reader. Through his books and essays, George Orwell has found a forum in which he can express his opinions, fusing his political beliefs with a satiric quality all his own.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A piece of literature that illustrates his ability to do this with unmatched skill and unrelenting satire is Animal Farm. Jeffrey Meyers said of Orwell’s novel, â€Å"In this fable about a barnyard revolt Orwell created a satire that specifically attacked the consequences of the Russian Revolution while suggesting the reasons for the failure of most revolutionary ideals† (339). In the book, the reader is given a situation in which the animals are fed up with the overindulgent, unappreciative human beings that run their farm. They decide a rebellion would cure their woes and so they revolt. However, they soon realize that the uprising was the easy part. Now they must establish a government with leaders and rules. The pigs are the self-appointed leaders because they are the smartest and cleverest of all the animals. The two pigs with the most power and persuasion are Snowball and Napoleon. The farm begins to run like a democracy, and all the animals ar e satisfied until Napoleon runs Snowball out of the farm with a pack of wild dogs. After the exile of Snowball, the animals on the farm increasingly become oppressed and Napoleon slowly starts to resemble a dictator. Throughout Animal Farm, Orwell’s main weapon of choice is his stinging satire. In fact, the entire book can be viewed as a one hundred page satiric look at politics and human life. Not only do we see humans being overthrown by pigs and chickens but all the animals can talk and some can even read and write. Naming one of the pigs Napoleon is also significant because as Meyers puts it, â€Å"The carefully chosen names are both realistic ... .... His use of satire combined with a headstrong political opinion creates for the reader thoughts and questions that were not there when one opened the pages of a book such as Animal Farm and began the journey chosen for them by Orwell. Orwell is a writer who not only gives the reader entertainment and enjoyment, but is set out to make the reader think and feel what the characters who are being victimized think and feel like. He is on a mission to make the reader ponder the injustices of society and the political regimes that run our countries, our world. George Orwell did not set out to create books that kindly represent everyone, even the tyrants. He set out to create books and literature that may have shocked some readers at first but without a doubt told the truth. Orwell once said, â€Å"Possession of the ‘truth’ is less important than emotional sincerity.† Orwell is unwavering in his commitment to make the masses aware of the injustices, victimizations, a nd corrupt politics. A writer’s only and best weapon is his words; Orwell chooses his words wisely. They can be bitter or sweet, but they always convey truths about the world ignored by many but seen and written about by Orwell.

Reader Response Essay - Joyce Carol Oatess Where Are You Going, Where

Reader Response Essay - Joyce Carol Oates's Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? As I began reading â€Å"Where are you going, where have you been?† by Joyce Carol Oates I found myself relating the experiences of Connie, the girl in the story, to my own personal experiences. She spoke of going to a friend’s house and having her friend’s father drive them to the shopping mall so that they could walk around and socialize or go see a movie. I found that this related very closely with my own experiences of being fifteen years old because it was always someone else’s parents driving my friends and I to the movies or to the mall. However, as I continued to read the story I began to wonder if maybe Connie’s life was not in any way parallel to my own. I have a younger sister where she has an older sister, but that is where the similarities end. Her mother is always telling her that she should be more like June, her older sister. It seemed to me that June living with her parents at her age was unusual, but the fact that she seemed to enjoy this and was always doing things to h...

Ramases II - The Greatest of Egypts Pharaohs Essay -- Biography Biogr

Ramases II - The Greatest of Egypt's Pharaohs Rameses II, he was the third of his line in the Nineteenth Dynasty, son of Seti I, and grandson of Rameses I. He ruled for nearly seventy years in the middle of a Period known, as the New Kingdom when Egypt was at it’s most powerful. During His reign 1279-1213, Egypt enjoyed an era of prosperity and stability, not only internally, but externally as well. He is responsible for the building of more Monuments and famous structures than any other pharaoh, having many Structures and statues renamed as if he commissioned them himself. By the end of his unusually long sixty-six-year long reign, he was famous throughout the then known ancient world. Ramses I was chosen as heir to King Horemheb, the last king of the Eighteenth Dynasty after serving as general, vizier, Commander of the Army of the Ruler of Two Lands, High Priest of all the Gods and Hereditary Prince of the Entire Land. King Horemheb chose Ramses as his successor as he had no children of his own, he too was chosen by the previous pharaoh. Ramses I not only had a son, Seti, a soldier who was married to Tuya, also from a military family, but a grandson, also called Rameses as well. A strong military background was important and all of these factors probably helped in Horemheb’s decision. Having sons and grandsons ensured Rameses of having heirs to carry on the new dynasty. In 1295, BCE, Horemheb died, Rameses I first royal act, the overseeing of his secret burial rites in the Valley of the Kings. Rameses I took this time to pick out his own burial tomb and began preparations to be buried next to his friend Horemheb. Rameses I and his son Seti planned fabulous buildings, and had existing buildings and monuments redone wi... ...alley of the Golden Mummies. (New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. 2000) Menu, Bernadette Ramesses II Greatest of the Pharaohs (New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. 1999) Thomas, Susanna Rameses II Pharaoh of the New Kingdom (New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. 2003) Wallenfels, Ronald and Sasson, Jack M. The Ancient Near East (New York, Detroit, San Francisco, London, Boston, Woodbridge CT.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, The Gale Group 2000) World Book Encyclopedia Volume R (Chicago: Scott Fetzer Company 2003) McMahan, Ian Secrets of The Pharaohs (New York: Avon Books, Inc. 1998) Bunson, Margaret The Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt (New York: Facts of File, Inc. 1991) Johnson, Paul The Civilization of Ancient Egypt (New York: Harper Collins Publishers 1978,1998 and 1999) Tiano, Olivier Ramses II and Egypt (New York: Henry Holt and Company, Inc. 1995)

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay

Today doing business is no longer a matter of creating the best products or making the most profit, it has developed to a matter of how? Due to scandals including child labour, poor working conditions and neglect of safety and health regulations, companies worldwide have been forced to revaluate their moral and ethical standards. Consumers are now caring about much more than just the product, which compel companies to monitor manufactures, secure labour standards and to be aware of the environment. This new phenomenon is called Corporate Social Responsibility or by its shortening CSR. Some companies like H&M or Zara have rejected to be involved in CSR. Others have taken CSR to a whole new level. Nike Inc. has during the past years not only followed the recent development within CSR but the apparel mastodon has also evolved to be a role model. Nike has as many other companies renewed their supply chain and methods of manufacturing. Their newest motto â€Å"Innovative for a better world† describes their efforts at the most, but their new system of ranking manufactures, their Materials Sustainability Index that provides designers with information on the potential environmental impact of the products they use, recycling program of old shoes and their new manufacturing process of their recent shoe â€Å"Flyknit† with minimal waste speaks for it self. Nike has with these investments proved they are willing to â€Å"Innovate for a better world† but how does it affect Nikes marketing environment and will these investments comply with the overall concept: Making money? Nike is market leader within athletic products worldwide and is considered the 26th most powerful brand by Forbes. The athletic brand has an annual turn over on 21.8 billion dollars and spends 2.7 billion dollars on advertising every year. The importance of Nike is not to be mistaken. Therefore their latest investments in CSR are a huge boost to the issue. Many huge companies such as H&M and Zara have rejected to invest in CSR although their have been numerous scandals of poor working condition and child labour, which shows not all companies are willing to invest in sustainability and social causes. Nike has actually been involved in such  scandals, but denied all accusations. Nike has however with these new methods shut up all the critics. The company has been known for innovate shoes and closes to new standards and has used their strength in innovation to create new business methods: â€Å"Our vision is clear: to help NIKE, Inc. and our consumers thrive in a sustainable economy where people, profit and planet are in balance† . Nike is, according to this quote, trying to accomplish the almost impossible and create a win–win situation for the company it self and its marketing environment. But is this possible? I believe so! They have created better work conditions for employees of their manufactures because of the pressure Nike has put on theme. Nike rate the manufactures with gold, silver and bronze medals and have set the goal of all manufactures should have a bronze medal by 2020. And although Nike has made huge investments in innovating their products to new manufacturing and product standards with focus on low environmental damage and a lot of recycling and therefore probably raised their prices, consumers actually stand by Nikes new methods although raised prices usually do not get the approval of the average consumer. Nikes revenue has increased from 18,528 million dollar in 2009 to 25,313 million dollar in the fiscal year of 2013. This could be caused by the increased prices of their products but Nikes return on invested capital has followed the same development and has increased from 17.8 % in 2009 to 23,8 % in the fiscal year of 2013. What is more, all this is accomplished during a very difficult financial period, which only gives Nike extra credit. Furthermore Nike is increasing the competitive situation when they implement other competitive parameters than just product or price. Nike is also forcing the consumers to make a choice: Cheap products manufactured by brands, who do not have the same CSR – profile as Nike and therefore do not care about sustainability, the environment or employees of the manufactures, who often work under poor conditions and put their lives on the risk every day, just to make some close or Nike who are trying to do the right thing and change these things. I am a big fan of Nike’s new manufacturing methods! They seem to have made  the impossible and made a win – win situation. They keep innovating new clothing and shoes, which becomes popular the moment it hits the market. And they accomplish this wonder contemporary with investing in better work conditions, sustainability and low environmental damage. Additionally they keep improving their accounting figures, even in difficult financial times! Absolutely amazing in my opinion! B: Blog Then it happened again. A huge company forgot to do their research properly. We have seen it before when the Japanese car manufacturing giant Mazda named their car â€Å"MR2†, which means faeces in the French language or when Warner Brothers named their new big movie wonder â€Å"Free Willy†, which is not the nicest word in the British language. This time it was the American athletic brand Nike, which released their new shoe â€Å"Black and Tan† close to St. Patrick’s Day. It was a tribute to the huge beer brewery Guiness, which also inspires the shoe, which includes an illustration of a beer in the sole. Usually that kind of shoe would have been popular among the beer loving Irish people. But Nike’s marketing people forgot one thing: The Black and Tan was a violent British paramilitary, which ravaged the Irish independence wars and among this the atrocities of Bloody Sunday. Not a name you want to use for a shoe honoring the Irish peoples most favo rite company. And Nike has experienced the consequences of the mistake. Nike has put a lot of money into innovating and advertising the shoe, which only makes the fault bigger. Some simple research or a Googling of â€Å"Black and Tan† could have averted the problem. Nike has now made a shoe to tribute Guiness that they cannot sell in Ireland. It may have ruined Nikes reputation and brand in Ireland and it has cost Nike million of dollars in manufacturing the shoe and may even cost billions of dollars in losses of future sales in Ireland. Hopefully Nike and other companies have learned their lesson and in the future understand the importance of cultural research.

Respect vs. Disrespect

Respect Vs Disrespect By Osita Onyebuchi Respect vs. Disrespect Have you ever met someone who was rude to you and didn't hold you with much regard? How did you feel? Did you feel angry? What do you think respect is? How is respect earned? Respect is an important way of being kind and good to other people. We live in a society that respect is earned not given. With respect there is also an opposite side of disrespect. The definition of respect is to consider worthy of high regard. There are different forms of respect, the word respect is defined as the condition of being esteemed or honored.Disrespect, on the other hand, is defined as a lack of respect. Respect has great importance in everyday life; everyone wants to be respected. Even those who do not give respect expect to be respected by others. We may also learn that how our lives go depends every bit as much on whether we respect ourselves. The value of self-respect may be something we can take for granted, or we may discover how very important it is when our self-respect is threatened, or we lose it and have to work to regain it, or we have to struggle to develop or maintain it in a hostile environment.Some people find that finally being able to respect them is what matters most   Ã‚  It is acknowledged widely that there are many different kinds of respect. Respect may come in different forms, but it will still be perceived as respect. Respect in your family household is very important for a child and any other individual. For example, a child may choose to obey their parent because their parent is very strict and the child doesn’t want to get on their bad side. This form of respect could also be perceived as fear because the child is worried about how the parent will react if they choose to misbehave. Read also Twitter Case StudyThe child would also respect their parent in a way that if they were to request something, the parents will grant the favor. Another example is a police officer respecting the rights of a man they just arrested. This form of respect is leaning towards unalienable rights. The police officer have to give you the respect that you deserve even when you are the one wrong in the situation. The respect goes a long way in our legal system because it’s the foundation on how criminals should be treated. Everybody akes mistakes especially criminals so you should always resect them even if you don’t approve of what they did. We are not in the place to judge anybody regardless of what they did. Everyone’s rights are respected regardless of merit. Another example is a child respecting and looking up to a celebrity. The child is in awe and therefore respects the celebrity. Besides those three examples, there is also religion. In different religions a nd culture comes major respect. The gestures you make with one culture is different with other cultures and religions.The culture of the people of China and Africa demand respect. For example, taking off your shoes before you enter into a house is very big in China but not as big in the United States. Another example would be calling your elders â€Å"aunt† or â€Å"uncle†. In Africa that is major respect, you can’t walk into somebody house and don’t greet them by saying â€Å"aunt or uncle†, Religious tolerance does not mean one cannot express his own beliefs. It does mean that seeking to undermine or attack the religious faith and beliefs of another has always been a short road to  trouble.It doesn’t matter if you dont worship the sam GOD the person next to you, just have respect for their religious beliefs. Cultures and religions are very important to people, so therefore respecting them is also very important. The last example is respe ct in the workplace. When you are at work there are so many rules you have to follow when it comes to respecting your co-workers. For example, there’s is a various amount of beautiful women at your workplace and you tend to gain interest in the person other than business relationship. I would advise not to do it due to the fact that it may come off as a form of disrespect.When it comes to building a relationship in the workplace it just doesn’t work out so try to stay away from that. Aside from respect, there is also disrespect. From being slapped by someone to being publically humiliated, disrespect is alive and well in today’s society. Just like respect, disrespect also comes in different forms. Verbal disrespect is a form of disrespect seen virtually everywhere. Raising your voice to an adult in public, using harsh words towards one another are some examples of verbal disrespect. Verbal disrespect does not always appear to be disrespect.For example, cutting s omeone off while they are speaking and lying and manipulation. When you cut somebody off when they are speaking that shows the person that you are not listening to them and don’t care about what they have to say. Many people are being verbally disrespected but do not notice it because it is not always as harsh as other forms of disrespect. Another form of disrespect is technological disrespect. Many people are disrespected and humiliated on social networks such Facebook, Twitter, and etc. But it doesn’t stop there, emailing texting, and even when talking on the phone can lead to technological disrespect.There is a lot of disrespect on the internet such as Facebook, both male and female can comment on somebody picture and say something sexual that the person would take offensive in disrespect. On twitter people can tweet something sexual and the only reason people are doing it because of fear so they hide behind a computer. Aside from technological disrespect is an even bigger issue of disrespect, physical disrespect. We’ve all heard about violence, not just in relationships but violence in general. Some examples of physical disrespect is violence in a relationship, physically hurting your children or family, or physically harming yourself.Physical disrespect is probably one of the worst forms of disrespect because it not only affects you physically but also emotionally and cognitively. One example of Physical disrespect is the bus driver incident that was over the news. A man should never put his hands on a female regardless of any circumstance. Physical abuse leaves scars that will not go away. In a relationship if you are getting physically disrespected, you should not be in the relationship than, no relationship is worth getting hit all the time. There are many variables when it comes to respect and disrespect.If you always respect a person it is likely that they will disrespect you. In this society that we live in treat others the way that you want to be treated. Respect goes a long way in life. Respect is to consider somebody that is high worthy. Everybody should be high worthy to you , just go by the guidelines provided below and you will be a respected person and also know how important it is to respect somebody else. Work Cite Page Koppelman, A. (2010). How Shall I Praise Thee? Brian Leiter on Respect for Religion. San Diego Law Review, 47(4), 961-986. Colker, J. (2012). THE DANGER OF DISRESPECT. Smart Business Chicago, 9(11), 10.

Zen Mind, Beginner’s Mind

Zen mind, Beginner’s Mind is a book created by Shunryu Suzuki in attempt to introduce the practice of Zen Buddhism in American culture. The study of Buddhism is essential for Suzuki believed that it can be applied to everyday mechanisms of life. The significance of acquiring and owning the Zen mind can help people to determine and therefore practice the right way of living, the right manners, postures and the beliefs which would hone the total personality of an individual. Zen Philosophy teaches that there is just a thin line marking the difference between the Zen mind and the Beginner’s mind. Both have the capacities to reach its nirvana or transcendental state of mind though they contain differences with their corresponding characteristics. At first, the book Zen mind, Beginners mind may be hard to understand. However, as you go along and read between the lines, Suzuki uncovers the truth of reaching â€Å"enlightenment† through simple knowledge and acceptance of oneself. The different procedures of the Zen were concisely summarized in this single comprehensive book. This book would help people realize the several options in life which would make people think objectively and not become rigid. Zen Mind, Beginner’s Mind Introduction Zen mind, Beginner’s Mind is a book created by Shunryu Suzuki in attempt to introduce the practice of Zen Buddhism in American culture. The study of Buddhism is essential for Suzuki believed that it can be applied to everyday mechanisms of life. The emphasis of the practice is to integrate the body and the mind through certain meaningful exercises which alleviate a person’s stress and even help a person overcome the vexation of negative energies. The focus of this paper is to impart the significance of learning the practice of a Zen mind by becoming the innocent beginner who is expected to be flexible to learn Zen. As the reader uncovers the secrets proper way of living and dealing with one’s mind and body, effective outcomes are expected to be attained. Mentors are also to guide their students to reach their desired state of being. Zen practice thus, is for the intention of imitating the exact exercises of the experts. They are to find their way towards becoming the Zen themselves and reach their own enlightenment without a point of comparison (Brussat, 2007). Body Zen Buddhism on Philosophy The significance of acquiring and owning the Zen mind can help people to determine and therefore practice the right way of living, the right manners, postures and the beliefs which would hone the total personality of an individual. Further, it is also beneficial for introspection and knowing oneself better. Upon knowledge of oneself, one could possibly avoid the harms of the unknown, and also it would enable the individual to be in control of one’s unconscious drives and distracting areas of one’s personality. Thus, one could alter or dispose the negative scenario like illness, negative thoughts, feelings and emotions, etc. Buddhism indeed, is a very substantial and significant course of practice which has to be learned by every individual. Moreover, it could be learned through self-study of the Zen practice so that readers could integrate the relationship of the mind and the matter, and the matter itself to the nature as one and dual entities. Zen presupposes that there is always two sides in every story as there were two sides in a coin (Suzuki, 2006). Zen Philosophy teaches that there is just a thin line marking the difference between the Zen mind and the Beginner’s mind. Both have the capacities to reach its nirvana or transcendental state of mind though they contain differences with their corresponding characteristics. In the text, it suggests that execution and application of the Zen Buddhism is what you call the â€Å"Beginner’s mind’. It is the state of mind where there are no preconceived notions, desires or hopes, opinions, and biases. Beginner’s mind tends to teach the significance of identifying situations in the â€Å"here and now†. It is characterized by humble acceptance of ignorance and complete innocence which is resolved by investigating on other potential possibilities with the use of querying and asking and later on defining who you are and where you are at present. Suzuki in his book, Zen mind, Beginner’s mind described this difference by implying that the beginner’s mind is more opt to think of many ifs and buts before carrying out a specific action, but for a Zen’s mind, there are only few factors to consider. Therefore, an individual for a Zen’s mind, need not get anxious and worried about several things at the same time, for the Zen’s mind has more expertise since it has tried on the various trials before being able to attain their goals in life (Zenkei & Hartman, 2001). Zen Buddhism on Psychology Psychologically speaking, with the use of one’s mind or one’s psyche, body would be in unison with the mind and so reach its transcendental feeling of freedom and thus, unite with the nature. The outcome could be interpreted always as both right and wrong depending on the consequences of the choice of action. In Zen Buddhism, proper posture, breathing exercises to gain control over one’s body and mind are taught to meditate and get in touch, to commune, and be in union with the â€Å"Buddha† which is residing in every individual. Moreover, this self-help book by Suzuki offers the instructions on how to accurately execute each proper way of meditation through body and breathing exercises. These plainly matters to teach individuals reach their â€Å"righteous state of mind†. Upon understanding cognition in terms of psychological analysis, if an individual thinks a certain way, one would certainly feel the same way and predicts the action that precedes the positive outlook. So, when one thinks positive, the individual invites more positive energy and therefore leads to desirable outcomes. The opposite thing happen when one is manipulated by negative thoughts and practices (Zenkei & Hartman, 2001). Generally, Suzuki emphasizes that the Zen Buddhism does not limit the human mind and human person into two choices or variations. Black and white does not exist yet black or white are possibilities that may or may not exist. Life and death for instance, is also both finite and infinite. The point is that no one holds the standards to determine what it is from what it is not so no people have to be anxious about what really is the fact. The most important thing is living in the present and cherishing the moment. Living in the here and now is being a human who maximizes and actualizes one’s full potential. Therefore, to be a fully functioning person, an individual should learn the practice of Zen to feel each part of your body and the body of nature, in order to believe and live the present as it plays a role in everybody’s being. Life is worth to be cherished and understood to reach transcendental nature and share the knowledge and experience gained to others (Suzuki, 2006). Steps on how to execute the Zen practice were enumerated and explained by Suzuki. The significance of the forms on the flow of energies from nature into the body and vice versa were primarily emphasized to explain the physical benefits of the exercise. To give a preview of how the posture should be, Suzuki teaches that the spine should be in upright position and not slouched, the ears and shoulders should be aligned and in a relaxed position and that the chin should be drawn inwards. Proper execution and frequent practice of the forms should make a person gain congruence over one’s body and mind and would hinder a person’s state of imbalance. In so doing, an individual could operate at best and think rational at all times instead of the useless idling, unwanted sleepiness, sluggishness, or laziness. Another example is Suzuki’s explanation of the proper way if sitting: people sitting should not slouch nor face the back or the sides. It is imperative to practice the right way of sitting because this holds the central focus of the Zen practice. Further, it is through the concentration of fulfilling the action that a person reaches the desired state of mind, and not by following any standards of expert executioners of the several exercises (Suzuki, 2006). In the aforementioned link of the Zen practice to cognitive psychology, it was implied that how a person thinks is how a person feels and predicts what a person will do. Stimulus produces a response and the conditioned stimulus in Zen practice is the attempt to internalize the feeling brought about by execution of the Zen exercises. On the other hand, the response after carrying out the exercises would lead a person to bring oneself into a specific state of mind in which the body also responded. Therefore, it is how a person performs the exercises that they define and express themselves or who they believe they are. Just like a dancer, every step in the dance conveys specific message, meanings and expression for the dancer’s part. In addition, unconscious gestures convey the counter meaning like lack of interest for those people who slouch in sitting while inside in a lecture session. This improper usage of the body produces an outcome of inattentiveness and divided attention. So, the thing that a person should do, is to become aware of such uncontrollable forces and be in control of them before they govern people (Suzuki, 2006). At first, the book Zen mind, Beginners mind may be hard to understand. However, as you go along and read between the lines, Suzuki uncovers the truth of reaching â€Å"enlightenment† through simple knowledge and acceptance of oneself. Furthermore, by going in the flow and carrying out the right procedures of the Zen exercise one would reach the transcendental nirvana. For beginners, it may be perplexing to understand the ironies of Suzuki’s language yet the simple thought of the context is simply not to interfere with the past nor the future but to dwell and cherish the present as it is the most practical and important aspect of a person’s life. By living the â€Å"here and now† an individual would not have to wander one’s thoughts and so the body would become one with the mind and integrate its mechanisms and functions. With knowledge and application of the Zen, life would be more pleasing and smooth flowing without the distractions and vexations to the soul, body, and mind. Zen mind, Beginner’s mind is indeed a fascinating masterpiece that shares the secret of a happy, good, and virtuous life. Having a copy of the book is recommended for it is very worthwhile (Suzuki, 2006). The different procedures of the Zen were concisely summarized in this single comprehensive book. This book would help people realize the several options in life which would make people think objectively and not become rigid. It opens the mind of its readers that there are always â€Å"two sides of the coin†. Thus, in life, people should avoid unnecessary worries and anxieties that vex the spirit and the flow of positive energy that reflects in the body and the gestures. According to the Zen, blocked energies usually cause sickness of the physique and imbalance in the body form. Upon acquiring the Zen’s mind by reading this book, one would be exhilarated with the astonishing outcome. However, put into account that outcome of desirable execution of exercises with standards performed by other people is not the goal of a Zen’s mind. The goal of a Zen’s mind is to free one’s mind and the body of extremes to settle for contentment and happiness by enjoying the present being; Moreover, remember that comparing oneself to others just cause vanity and bitterness (Russell, 2005). Conclusion Zen mind, Beginner’s Mind is a book created by Shunryu Suzuki in attempt to introduce the practice of Zen Buddhism in American culture. The study of Buddhism is essential for Suzuki believed that it can be applied to everyday mechanisms of life. The significance of acquiring and owning the Zen mind can help people to determine and therefore practice the right way of living, the right manners, postures and the beliefs which would hone the total personality of an individual. Zen Philosophy teaches that there is just a thin line marking the difference between the Zen mind and the Beginner’s mind. Both have the capacities to reach its nirvana or transcendental state of mind though they contain differences with their corresponding characteristics. At first, the book Zen mind, Beginners mind may be hard to understand. However, as you go along and read between the lines, Suzuki uncovers the truth of reaching â€Å"enlightenment† through simple knowledge and acceptance of oneself. The different procedures of the Zen were concisely summarized in this single comprehensive book. This book would help people realize the several options in life which would make people think objectively and not become rigid.

English Lit – Descriptive Writing

Describe the scene at a train station It is 8 o’clock in the morning at Liverpool train station, the busiest hour throughout the whole day, it’s also known as the rush hour. Trains of all imaginable colours gradually draw to a halt, causing a slightly burned smell from the brakes. As the automatic doors fly open, continuous flows start of people shoving and pushing, rushing to get off into the already crowded station. The noise of the tannoy is hidden beneath the murmur of the crowds of people.Mothers franticly scan for their lost children, while groups of people and tourists rush out eagerly ready to explore the city. Teenagers huddled together by the walls giggle to each other while on their new, shiny blackberry mobiles. People sigh due to the now prolonged waiting for the toilets as the queues start to grow. Unfortunately the smell of urine diffuses into the air from the toilets. Business people in their smart suits and briefcases march through the station, obliviou s to anything that is going on.Impatient men and women stomp their fingers on the touch screen ticket machine, hoping that by doing so it will work faster. They then become even more frustrated when they then discover the escalator is not working and have to drag their entire luggage down it. Before the exits, there are many food and drink shops, such as McDonalds, Pizza Hut and Starbucks. There’s a fighting battle for smells as people walk through the centre. Greasy fries and burger smells emmiting from MsDonalds, followed by coffee and cakes from Starbucks, then Pizza and burned wedges from Pizza Hut.

History Discussion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 9

History Discussion - Research Paper Example 90). This made President Jackson make a lot of mistakes that caused United States great damage both economically and politically. During his tenure some of the United States countries even tried to secede from the union. Jackson signing of tariff into law in 1882, some countries such as South Carolina felt ignored the move an aspect that made President Jackson administration to almost make use military in making sure that South Carolina paid the tariff (Brinkley, & Dyer 2004, p. 93). The administration was also involved with different cases of corruption. The administration was unable to fight cases of corruption that faced the government especially the allegations that were directed towards some of the cabinet officials. This made the fight be tough to deal with as the officials still held their positions in the government thereby covering up any attempt to uncover their actions. This led to starting of a campaign that was aimed at eliminating all officials that had corruption records but this move was unsuccessful (Brinkley, & Dyer 2004, p.

New Believers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

New Believers - Essay Example This paper will share these insights. As a new believer, the Bible and its teachings offers a lot of insight to many challenges. The Bible is the believers’ reference as it defines how we should live and what God promises us as believers. Indeed, the Biblical teachings address almost all problems that believers may experience. As such, when I face challenges in life, I find encouragement from the Bible since the Bible asserts that everything happens to the glory of God and that God cannot subject us to challenges that we cannot overcome. Indeed, my assurance relies on the promises of God (North American Mission Board, 1993). Most assuredly, the Bible reckons that as believers, we are overcomers. Indeed, God wants us to know that believers have eternal life based on the facts found in the Bible (North American Mission Board, 1993). Therefore, anytime I read the Bible, I draw a lot of encouragement well knowing that even Jesus Christ faced major challenges despite being the son of God. Nevertheless, just as Jesus o vercame, the Bible teaches me that as a believer, I will overcome. Advice from my spiritual leader also acts as an insight in my life. Indeed, it has always been encouraging to share spiritual challenges with spiritual person. My spiritual offers me encouraging advice based on Godly teachings. Indeed, his advice relies on Biblical interpretations. As a new believer, I have limited knowledge on Biblical interpretations and hence I seek the counsel of my spiritual leader. Moreover, he prays for me and preaches to me with a view of helping me understand human challenges in the spiritual life. Indeed, he acts as my confidante as I tell him anything that is disturbing me. In many occasions, my spiritual leader has helped me to address spiritual and human challenges. Ultimately, guidance from my mother acts as an insight in my life. Ideally, a parent acts as the earthily God who is very significant in child

Operations manager at John lewis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Operations manager at John lewis - Essay Example The researcher resorted to the review of several management principles such as Kotter’s 8 step change management model, Mintzberg’s management theory and Black Mouton managerial grid. The theories served as a strong foundation thereby enabling the researcher to identify the extent to which the managers in John Lewis effectively emulated the management principles in order to establish a better work environment which enables them to focus on both the welfare of the employees and the productivity of the organization. The management of John Lewis believes in a simple principle and that is any development within the employees will have a direct or indirect contribution to the development of the business. That is why the managers introduced a management development programme in order to ensure that the employees perform at their peak. The training program is designed to provide employees with ample scope for personal development. This will help the employees to identify their areas of strengths and work accordingly to achieve personal as well as organizational goals. The managers of John Lewis focus more on the development of personal and technical skills (John Lewis Partnership, 2015a). They follow a training and development plan based on three pillars depicted in figure 1. The managers emphasize on training the employees in three dimensions: experience (characterized by on the job training), exposure and exchange (characterised by knowledge, information and skill sharing between employees at workplace) and education (training based on theoretical learning). The training and development programme in John Lewis is designed to impart skills to employees belonging from all departments. The management framework in the company is identical to the Mintzbergs Management Roles theory. While conducting the training and development program the managers play an instrumental role in managing the new recruits. They have to change their roles

Obesity in Kuwait Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Obesity in Kuwait - Research Paper Example Data taken on the temporal changes in BMI and prevalence of obesity are even more so (Al†Asi). Women in Kuwaiti have been exposed to extreme physical as well as social variations in society in the past few years, and there has not been any study of this nature that has been carried out on them (Al†Asi). The main aim of this study is to respectively explore temporal changes in mean prevalence of obesity and BMI between the two independent samples of 1171 and1705 women of Kuwait between the ages of 18 years and older that were studied in1980-1981 and 1993-1994 (Al-Mahroos). 3- In Kuwaiti, white rice is the staple food both in the past and currently. It is believed that people in Kuwait take white rice once or twice in a day mostly for lunch and at times for dinner too (El-Bayoumy). Though there is no data on the average consumption of rice, data on the population consumption of the intake of rice is not available, data suggests that 17%of total energy available is consumed from white rice (El-Bayoumy) 1- There were two independent studies that were used to analyze and compare the temporal changes in the prevalence of obesity and BMI among the women in Kuwaiti BMI (Al-Awadi).The first study was a national study of 1171 women which was completed in 1980-1981 as it dealt mainly with the â€Å"Nutrition Status Assessment of Adults.† The second study to be carried out was a cross-sectional study of 1705 women which was completed in 1993-1994 and it was based on assessing the prevalence of obesity among Kuwaitis (Al-Awadi). The sample carried out between 1980-1981 sample of 1171 women was gotten from 17 randomly selected primary health care from the clinics situated in all of Kuwaiti five regions and sampling was taken randomly in accordance to the Kuwaiti’s population sex ratio (El-Bayoumy). The samples were divided among the clinics and the division was defined proportionally by the size of the area that was reserved by each of

Should The Pin-Up Photographs And Calendars Have Been Taken Down Essay - 1

Should The Pin-Up Photographs And Calendars Have Been Taken Down - Essay Example This author’s opinion is that the pin-up photographs and calendars should have been taken down. But it would have been more prudent to communicate to employees why they would be taken down. A simple reason could be that personal pin-up photographs and calendars, or any other personal poster for that matter, are not allowed in the workplace as an employer’s rule. The workplace is, after all, the employer’s property. It may also be argued that the pin-up photographs and calendars create a sexually hostile environment for women, as it did for Barbara Hill. A woman is not expected to work in a sexually hostile work environment when she takes a job where most of her co-workers are men. She has the right to work in an environment free of sexual harassment and she is entitled to work where female employees are not made uncomfortable because of their gender. These may be the very reasons why the supervisor decided to take down the pin-up photographs and calendars, as wel l as shared Barbara Hill's views regarding them. The supervisor may have believed it in his power or authority to take down the offensive materials. However, although according to Chambers, sexually suggestive or explicit photos can be used to support a hostile environment claim, he also contends that hostile environment law involves disparate treatment, not disparate impact. Funk, therefore argues that there is no judicial support for prohibiting graphic representations in the workplace as long as no gender is was made to feel inferior or treated differently.